Iron deficiency means that the body does not have enough iron available. Iron-deficiency anaemia occurs when this also impairs blood formation. The two should not be equated: deficiency can already be present before anaemia is identified.
Which symptoms can fit?
Fatigue, paleness, reduced exercise tolerance, shortness of breath on exertion or palpitations can occur. However, these symptoms also have other causes. A symptom list and an online self-test are not enough for a diagnosis.
How is a suspicion investigated?
Medical assessment brings together symptoms, diet, medicines and possible blood loss with appropriate laboratory tests. These can include a blood count and ferritin as an indicator of iron stores. Ferritin can be raised by inflammation, so an individual result must be interpreted in context.
Common causes include heavy periods or other blood loss. Inadequate intake and impaired absorption are also possible. A source of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract must not go unaddressed simply because the diet is changed or a preparation is taken.
Treatment and follow-up belong together
Depending on its cause, a confirmed deficiency can be addressed with an adapted diet and individually determined iron treatment. Preparation, amount, duration and follow-up appointments should fit the personal situation. What matters is the amount of elemental iron, not just the weight of the iron compound.
Nausea, abdominal discomfort and constipation can occur during use. Interactions with other medicines are also possible. Have a suitable schedule drawn up instead of combining several iron products or fixed online dosages. Children and pregnant women require their own professional assessment.
Frequently asked questions
Can I take iron just because I feel tired?
Without establishing a need, this is not a sensible long-term solution. The cause of the symptoms should be investigated.
Which warning signs are urgent?
Chest pain, severe breathlessness or fainting require urgent medical help. Blood in the stool and other unexplained bleeding should be assessed promptly.
What should be done about a possible overdose?
Especially for children, contact a poison information centre or medical help immediately and do not wait for symptoms. Iron preparations must be kept out of their reach.
Next steps: sensible steps for iron deficiency and heavy periods and iron status.
