In brief: Coffee contains caffeine and many other plant compounds. Observational research shows favourable associations but does not prove treatment effects.
Possible effects
| Area | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| Alertness | Improves short term |
| Long-term health | Favourable observational data |
| Sleep | Can be disrupted |
| Unfiltered coffee | May contain more cafestol |
Dose matters
EFSA considers single doses up to 200 mg and daily intakes up to 400 mg generally safe for healthy adults, although individual sensitivity varies.[1]
FAQ
Is coffee healthy?
It can fit a healthy diet but is not a therapy.
Does coffee dehydrate?
Typical amounts still contribute to fluid intake.
Is decaf useless?
No.
Can coffee disturb sleep?
Yes.
Conclusion
Coffee can be well tolerated; amount, preparation and timing determine benefits and side effects.
