In brief: Because the body stores little thiamin, severe deficiency can develop relatively quickly when intake or absorption is markedly reduced.
Who is at higher risk?
| Risk situation | Why? |
|---|---|
| Alcohol dependence | Reduced absorption and utilisation |
| Severe malnutrition | Low intake |
| Persistent vomiting | Losses and poor intake |
| Bariatric surgery | Altered absorption |
Possible symptoms
NIH lists weight loss, appetite loss, confusion, memory problems, muscle weakness and cardiovascular symptoms among possible effects.[1]
Wernicke encephalopathy
Confusion, gait instability and abnormal eye movements are classic warning signs, but they do not always occur together. In high-risk situations, rapid medical treatment matters.
FAQ
Can B1 deficiency cause only tiredness?
Tiredness is nonspecific and does not prove deficiency.
Is alcohol an important risk factor?
Yes.
Can thiamin deficiency affect the heart?
Yes.
Is severe confusion an emergency?
Yes, especially in a high-risk situation.
Conclusion
Vitamin B1 deficiency is uncommon but can be serious. High-risk groups need early assessment and, when necessary, immediate treatment.
