In brief: A hangover is more than dehydration. Alcohol affects sleep, fluid balance, the gastrointestinal tract, inflammatory processes and metabolism. This helps explain why headache, nausea, thirst, fatigue and poor concentration can occur together.
Why does a hangover happen?
| Mechanism | Possible effect |
|---|---|
| Fluid shifts | Thirst and headache |
| Sleep disruption | Fatigue and irritability |
| Stomach irritation | Nausea and abdominal symptoms |
| Alcohol metabolism/inflammation | General malaise |
What helps the next morning?
NIAAA states that there is no scientifically proven cure for hangovers. Time is the main factor while the body processes alcohol and its effects.[1]
- Drink a normal amount of water.
- Eat tolerable food if hungry.
- Rest and recover sleep.
- Do not drive while alcohol or impairment may still be present.
What does not help
Coffee, cold showers and “hair of the dog” do not cure a hangover. More alcohol can postpone symptoms while extending exposure.[1]
Be careful with painkillers
Painkillers are not interchangeable. Alcohol can add stress to the liver, stomach and kidneys, so labels and medical conditions matter.
Recognising alcohol poisoning
Reduced consciousness, inability to wake, slow or irregular breathing, seizures or bluish skin are emergency signs. Do not leave an unconscious person alone; call emergency services.
FAQ
Does hair of the dog work?
No.
Are electrolytes a cure?
No. They may help replace losses but do not fix all causes.
Does coffee help?
It may mask tiredness but does not cure the hangover.
What is the safest prevention?
Drink less or no alcohol.
Conclusion
A hangover is not simply a vitamin or mineral deficiency. Less alcohol is the most reliable prevention; time, rest and normal hydration are the main measures afterward.
