Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain or fever may follow contaminated food. Depending on the cause, symptoms may start quickly or appear later. Not every similar symptom is definitely food poisoning.
Fluids and first steps
With mild symptoms, rest and drink regularly. Try small sips if you feel sick. A suitable oral rehydration solution can replace lost water and salts; prepare it exactly according to the pack instructions and ask a pharmacist if unsure. Stop eating suspect foods. Eat when you can tolerate it again.
When medical help is needed
Bloody diarrhoea, high fever, marked dehydration or persistent vomiting that prevents keeping fluids down need prompt medical assessment. Have prolonged or worsening symptoms assessed too. Seek medical advice early for infants, older or immunocompromised people and during pregnancy.
Seek emergency help immediately for these signs
Sudden severe abdominal pain, vomiting blood, breathing difficulty, collapse, confusion or other clear neurological deficits are not situations to wait out. Suspected poisoning from mushrooms, chemicals or other toxic substances also requires immediate professional help.
Avoid indiscriminate self-medication
Antibiotics are not appropriate for every cause. Medicines that stop diarrhoea are not suitable for every situation either, particularly with blood in the stool or fever. Discuss medicines and risk factors with a doctor or pharmacist. Do not induce vomiting or treat symptoms with disinfectants or a supposed detox programme.
Protect other people
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, clean contaminated surfaces and do not prepare food for others while ill. Specific rules may apply to returning to work or care settings; seek professional advice if you work with food.
Frequently asked questions
Is the last meal always responsible?
No. The time to symptom onset depends on the cause.
Does everyone need antibiotics?
No. The cause and course of illness determine treatment.
What matters most with mild symptoms?
Prevent dehydration and watch for warning signs.
